Management of Care: Prioritization and Delegation
The nurse is assigned to a 68-year-old male client admitted with an exacerbation of heart failure. The client has a history of hypertension and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). During the morning assessment, the client reports sudden onset of shortness of breath and chest tightness. Current vitals are BP 162/94 mmHg, HR 108 bpm, RR 28 breaths/min, and SpO2 88% on room air. The nurse notes crackles in the bilateral lung bases and 2+ pitting edema in the lower extremities. The client appears restless and is using accessory muscles to breathe.
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The Framework of Prioritization
RNs must use frameworks like Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs and the ABCs (Airway, Breathing, Circulation) to determine which client needs attention first. In an acute setting, physiological stability takes precedence over chronic issues or psychological comfort.
- Airway always comes first, followed by Breathing and Circulation.
- Acute changes override chronic conditions.
- Unstable clients are prioritized over stable clients.